Feeding Pyramid Workers

How did the ancient Egyptians feed thousands of workers at Giza? We know from ancient texts that a staple diet of bread and beer were disbursed as rations in royal labor projects. What kind of bread did the pyramid builders eat? In September and October 1993, The...

Dating the Lost City

How old is the Lost City? How do we know that the settlement located at the foot of the Giza Plateau belongs to the same period of time as when the Egyptians were building Khufu’s Great Pyramid and the other pyramids? Two kinds of evidence tell us that we are...

Giza, Meter by Meter

by Mark Lehner High-precision measure of the landscape On November 1, 1984, Inspector Amal Samuel, Salah el-Nasar, Abd al Gadar, David Goodman, and I set off across the Maadi Formation ridge that makes up the southern reaches of the Giza Plateau. We carried with us a...

Searching for a City

Where do you look for a lost city? Locating a feature as large as the settlement and infrastructure that accommodated the ancient Egyptian pyramid builders is very different than locating an object or a single building. Landscape analysis combined with survey is...

The Great Pyramid Quarry

How big of a hole do you have to dig to quarry enough rock to build a mountain? Pretty big when the mountain is the Great Pyramid, as Mark Lehner and David Goodman discovered when they surveyed the Great Pyramid quarry on the Giza Plateau. They were impressed by the...